Cardiac Arrest vs Heart Attack: Understanding the Differences

Cardiac Arrest vs Heart Attack: Understanding the Differences

Heart-related emergencies can be life-threatening, but not all of them are the same. Many people use the terms cardiac arrest and heart attack interchangeably, but they are actually very different conditions. In this blog, you understand the difference between, Cardiac Arrest vs Heart Attack.

Also in this article, we will explain:

• What is a heart attack?
• What is cardiac arrest?
• The key differences between the two
• Causes, symptoms, and treatment for both conditions
• What to do in an emergency

What is a Heart Attack?

A heart attack (myocardial infarction) happens when blood flow to the heart is blocked. The blockage is usually caused by a buildup of plaque (fat, cholesterol, and other substances) in the arteries. This prevents oxygen-rich blood from reaching the heart, which can damage the heart muscle.

Common Symptoms of a Heart Attack

• Chest pain or discomfort (pressure, squeezing, or tightness)
• Pain in the arms, shoulders, neck, jaw, or back
• Shortness of breath
• Cold sweat
• Nausea or vomiting
• Dizziness or lightheadedness

Heart attack symptoms may develop slowly over hours or even days. Some people, especially women and diabetics, may have unusual symptoms like indigestion or fatigue.

Causes of a Heart Attack

• Coronary artery disease (CAD) – The most common cause
• High cholesterol – leads to plaque buildup
• High blood pressure – Can damage arteries
• Smoking – Narrows blood vessels
• Diabetes – Increases the risk of heart disease
• Obesity & lack of exercise – Can lead to heart problems

Treatment for a Heart Attack

A heart attack is a medical emergency. Immediate treatment can reduce damage to the heart. Some common treatments include:

• Medications – Blood thinners, clot-busting drugs, pain relievers
• Angioplasty & stents – To open blocked arteries
• Bypass surgery – To restore blood flow in severe cases

If you or someone else shows heart attack symptoms, call emergency services immediately.

What is Cardiac Arrest?

A cardiac arrest is when the heart suddenly stops beating. This happens because of an electrical problem in the heart, leading to loss of consciousness and stopping blood flow to vital organs. Unlike a heart attack, cardiac arrest occurs without warning and requires immediate medical attention.

Common Symptoms of Cardiac Arrest

• Sudden collapse
• No pulse
• No breathing
• Loss of consciousness

Sometimes, before cardiac arrest, a person may feel:

• Chest discomfort
• Shortness of breath
• Weakness
• Irregular heartbeats (palpitations)

Without immediate treatment, cardiac arrest can cause death within minutes.

Causes of Cardiac Arrest

• Ventricular fibrillation (VF) – A dangerous irregular heartbeat
• Heart attack – Can trigger cardiac arrest
• Heart disease – Weakens the heart over time
• Electrolyte imbalances – Potassium, and magnesium issues
• Severe blood loss – After an injury
• Drug overdose – Certain medications or illegal drugs

Treatment for Cardiac Arrest

Cardiac arrest requires immediate action:

1. Call for emergency help immediately.
2. Perform CPR (Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation) – Chest compressions help maintain blood circulation.
3. Use an AED (Automated External Defibrillator) if available – This device shocks the heart back into rhythm.

Without quick action, the chances of survival drop significantly.

Key Differences Between Cardiac Arrest and Heart Attack

What to Do in an Emergency?

For a Heart Attack:

• Call emergency services immediately.
• Help the person sit down and stay calm.
• Give aspirin (unless allergic) to reduce clotting.
• Keep the person awake and responsive.

For Cardiac Arrest:

• Call emergency services immediately.
• Begin CPR – Push hard and fast in the center of the chest.
• Use an AED if available.
• Continue CPR until medical help arrives.

How to Prevent Heart Problems?

Both heart attacks and cardiac arrests can be prevented with a healthy lifestyle:

• Eat a heart-healthy diet – Less sugar, salt, and unhealthy fats
• Exercise regularly – At least 30 minutes a day
• Quit smoking – Reduces heart disease risk
• Control cholesterol & blood pressure
• Manage stress & sleep well
• Get regular heart checkups

If you have a family history of heart disease, it’s important to visit a trusted cardiology hospital for regular screenings.

Lifeline Hospital, Adoor, the best cardiology hospital in Kerala, offers expert heart care and advanced treatments. Book your checkup today!

Conclusion

Knowing the difference between cardiac arrest and heart attack can help save lives. A heart attack is caused by a blocked artery, while cardiac arrest is due to an electrical problem in the heart. Both conditions need immediate medical attention. By maintaining a healthy lifestyle and recognizing early symptoms, you can reduce your risk and stay heart-healthy.

Stay informed and take care of your heart! ❤️

FAQs

1. Can a heart attack lead to cardiac arrest?

Yes, a heart attack can trigger cardiac arrest if it causes severe heart damage or disrupts the heart’s electrical system.

2. How can I tell if someone is having a heart attack or cardiac arrest?

A heart attack victim is usually conscious and experiencing pain, while a person in cardiac arrest is unconscious and not breathing.

3. Is CPR necessary for a heart attack?

No, CPR is needed only if the person stops breathing or becomes unresponsive. Otherwise, they need medical help.

4. What is the survival rate of cardiac arrest?

Without CPR or defibrillation, the survival rate is less than 10%. Immediate action increases the chances of survival.

5. How can I reduce my risk of a heart attack?

Maintain a healthy diet, exercise regularly, quit smoking, control stress, and visit a cardiologist for checkups.